Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 298, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117209
Keywords
Iron and steel industry; Direct reduction iron; Carbon capture and storage; IMED model; Cross-sector decarbonization
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51861135102, 71704005, 71810107001, 72073003]
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control [21K04ESPCP]
- 111 Project Urban Air Pollution and Health Effects, Peking University [B20009]
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The study explores low-carbon transition pathways for China's iron and steel industry to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, emphasizing the importance of adopting breakthrough technologies in the long term and implementing system-wide cross-sector decarbonization measures to achieve climate change mitigation goals.
Iron and steel production in China contributes to 14% of China's total energy-related CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing the iron and steel sector will therefore play an important role in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. This study explored possible low-carbon transition pathways for China's iron and steel industry to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. An integrated approach was developed that combined a computable general equilibrium model and a bottom-up technology-selection module. The results indicated that although energy-saving technologies can reduce CO2 emissions in the short term, in the long term, adopting breakthrough technologies (e.g., carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen-based direct reduction (DR)), increasing the share of scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production, and decarbonizing upstream energy-supply sectors will be crucial for climate change mitigation. Hydrogen-based DR could be an effective option for CO2 emission reduction in scenarios where CCS is not available, with its share increasing to 23%-25% by 2050. System-wide cross-sector decarbonization can help achieve climate targets at lower costs through flexible technology combinations and avoid carbon leakage into upstream energy-supply sectors.
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