Journal
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 28, Issue 13, Pages 9159-9168Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10141-8
Keywords
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Funding
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Veterans Health Administration
- Office of Research and Development
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety [CIN 13-413]
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Imatinib reduces recurrence risk and improves overall survival in localized GISTs, but many patients in the US do not receive guideline-concordant treatment. Factors associated with undertreatment in high-risk GIST patients include age, race, and treatment program type, while factors associated with overtreatment in low-risk patients include tumor characteristics. Guideline-concordant therapy is associated with improved survival in high-risk GIST patients, but not in low-risk patients. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for non-concordant treatment.
Background Imatinib decreases recurrence risk and improves overall survival (OS) in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); however, the extent to which patients receive appropriate treatment in the US has not been well characterized. Methods Patients with non-metastatic, resectable GIST were included in this study (National Cancer Database, 2010-2015). Those with a low-risk of recurrence were classified as receiving overtreatment or guideline-concordant treatment, while those with a high-risk of recurrence were classified as receiving undertreatment or guideline-concordant treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with non-concordant treatment. The association between non-concordant treatment and OS was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression and propensity score matching. Results Among 3088 patients with high-risk GIST, 41% were undertreated, and among 3908 patients with low-risk GIST, 18.8% were overtreated. For patients with high-risk GIST, age > 60 years, African American race, and treatment at a community or comprehensive cancer program were associated with undertreatment. Among low-risk patients, small bowel primary, tumor size > 2 cm, and tumors with > 1 mitotic figure per 50 high-power fields were more likely to be overtreated. After propensity score matching, guideline-concordant therapy was associated with an 8.8% improvement in 5-year OS (81.9% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.002) for those with high-risk GIST and decreased risk of death (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.84). There was no statistically significant difference in survival for patients with low-risk GIST with the addition of imatinib overtreatment (overtreatment 93.9% vs. 89.6%, p = 0.053). Conclusions Nearly 30% of GIST patients do not receive guideline-concordant treatment and future work is needed to understand the factors driving non-concordant treatment.
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