Journal
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE
Volume 234, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106855
Keywords
Artificial insemination; Cooled semen; Alpaca; Camel; Llama; Goat; Sheep
Funding
- Einstein Junior Scholar fellowship [EJS-2019-565]
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This review provides an overview of current techniques in cooled storage of semen from livestock animals such as camelids, goats, and sheep, addressing factors influencing semen handling and discussing methods to improve liquid-storage of cooled semen. Species-specific physiology and challenges are taken into consideration, with goat semen showing the greatest pregnancy rates after cooled liquid-storage for several days.
This review is part of the Festschrift in honor of Dr. Duane Garner and provides an overview of current techniques in cooled storage of semen from livestock animals such as camelids, goats, and sheep. Facing worldwide environmental changes and a trend towards more conscious and healthy eating behaviors, the development of a stable animal breeding industry is a significant challenge for the near future. In the present review, factors influencing semen handling in camelids, goats and sheep are described and relevant methods as well as current trends to improve liquid-storage of cooled semen are discussed, including extenders, additives, cooling rates, and storage temperatures. The species-specific physiology and resulting challenges are taken into consideration. While the main problem for camelid semen processing is the relatively greater viscosity as compared with that of some other animals, the deciding factor for successful artificial insemination (AI) in goats and sheep is the site (i.e., cervical or vaginal) of semen placement in the reproductive tract. Due to the type of cervical anatomy, the penetration of the cervix when using AI instruments is rather difficult. Furthermore, the seminal plasma of small ruminants affects the interaction with milk-based extenders and egg yolk which results in species-specific regimens for cooled liquid-preservation. Comparing all three species, the greatest pregnancy rates were obtained by AI with goat semen after cooled liquid-storage for several days.
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