Nanoplasmonic biosensors: Theory, structure, design, and review of recent applications

Nanoplasmonic biosensing shows an immense potential to satisfy the needs of the global health industry -low-cost, fast, and portable automated systems; highly sensitive and real-time detection; multiplexing and miniaturization. In this review, we presented the theory of nanoplasmonic biosensing for popular detection schemes -SPR, LSPR, and EOT -and underline the consideration for nanostructure design, material selection, and their effects on refractometric sensing performance. Later, we covered the bottom-up and top-down nanofabrication methods for nanoplasmonic biosensors. Subsequently, we reviewed the recent examples of nanoplasmonic biosensors over a wide range of clinically relevant analytes in the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of diseases and conditions such as biomarker proteins, infectious bacteria, viral agents. Finally, we discussed the challenges of nanoplasmonic biosensing toward clinical translation and proposed strategic avenues to be competitive against current clinical detection methods. Hopefully, nanoplasmonic biosensing can realize its potential through successful demonstrations of clinical translation in the upcoming years. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Nanoplasmonic biosensing holds great promise in meeting the demands of the global health industry, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, real-time detection, and miniaturization. By discussing nanostructure design, material selection, and nanofabrication methods, this review highlights the wide range of clinically relevant applications of nanoplasmonic biosensors, along with the challenges and proposed strategies for clinical translation.