T cell-mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant recipients with prior COVID-19

Article Immunology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Solid Organ Transplant: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Olivia S. Kates et al.

Summary: The mortality rate among SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 20.5%, with age and underlying comorbidities being the major drivers of mortality, rather than measures related to immunosuppression intensity.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Epidemiological pattern, incidence, and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients

Jordi Colmenero et al.

Summary: This study revealed that liver transplant patients have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, but their mortality rate is lower than the general population. Baseline immunosuppression containing mycophenolate was identified as an independent predictor of severe COVID-19, especially at higher doses.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

SARS-CoV-2-reactive interferon-γ-producing CD8+T cells in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019

Estela Gimenez et al.

Summary: In COVID-19 patients, a significant percentage of SARS-CoV-2-reactive IFN-gamma producing CD8+ T cells, independent of disease severity, were detected. Further studies are needed to determine if quantification of these T-cell subsets can provide prognostic information on the clinical course of COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Surgery

T cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a French transplantation and hemodialysis center during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sophie Candon et al.

Summary: The study found that transplant patients were able to mount strong T cell and antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus after reducing immunosuppressive therapy, aiding in differential diagnosis and potentially playing a role in the development of severe forms of the disease.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Surgery

COVID-19 in transplant recipients: The Spanish experience

Elisabeth Coll et al.

Summary: This study reported the experience of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Spain until July 13, 2020. The incidence of COVID-19 in transplant recipients was higher than the general population. Most patients required hospitalization, and adjusting immunosuppression could improve survival rates. Risk factors for death included age, lung transplantation, and hospital-acquired COVID-19.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Surgery

Is COVID-19 infection more severe in kidney transplant recipients?

Sophie Caillard et al.

Summary: Transplant recipients had a higher COVID-19-related mortality compared to nontransplant hospitalized patients but did not differ significantly in the rate of severe disease. Factors associated with severe COVID-19 included age, cardiovascular disease, dyspnea, fever, lymphopenia, and CRP.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients

Anthony T. Tan et al.

Summary: This study found that early induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was present in patients with mild disease and accelerated viral clearance, while rapid induction and quantity of humoral responses were associated with an increase in disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of early functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in both vaccine design and immune monitoring.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Surgery

COVID-19 in hospitalized liver transplant recipients: An early systematic review and meta-analysis

Kumar Jayant et al.

Summary: A meta-analysis of 12 studies involving 517 hospitalized liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 found common symptoms to include fever, cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea, with a high prevalence of liver cirrhosis history. In-hospital mortality was 20% and rose to 41% with ICU admission, with elderly patients (>60-65 years) at higher risk of death.

CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nina Le Bert et al.

Summary: The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a delicate balance between antiviral and inflammatory responses. Asymptomatic individuals clearing SARS-CoV-2 showed increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-2, along with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines, while symptomatic individuals displayed a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A propensity score-matched analysis of mortality in solid organ transplant patients with COVID-19 compared to non-solid organ transplant patients

Laura Linares et al.

Summary: In the study analyzing the outcomes of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, it was found that there were no significant differences between SOT recipients and non-transplant patients. Factors associated with higher mortality included older age, higher C-reactive protein levels, and higher serum creatinine levels on admission. The clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in SOT recipients were similar to those observed in the non-transplant population, with SOT not being associated with worse outcomes.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Outcomes of COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity-matched Analysis of a Large Research Network

Yousaf B. Hadi et al.

Summary: Solid organ transplant recipients have a higher risk of hospitalization and acute kidney injury in COVID-19, but this increased risk is mainly due to a higher burden of comorbidities.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2-specific Cell-mediated Immunity in Kidney Transplant Recipients Recovered From COVID-19

Mario Fernandez-Ruiz et al.

Summary: Although still exploratory and limited by small sample size, the present study suggests that a substantial proportion of kidney transplant recipients exhibited detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific cell-mediated immunity after 6 months from COVID-19 diagnosis.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Surgery

SARS-CoV-2-specific serological and functional T cell immune responses during acute and early COVID-19 convalescence in solid organ transplant patients

Alexandre Fava et al.

Summary: Protective humoral and T cell immune responses specific against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported among both immunocompetent and solid organ transplant (SOT) patients with COVID-19. Despite initial differences in IgG seroconversion rates, SOT patients ultimately achieve comparable functional immune responses as the general population after moderate/severe COVID-19.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Letter Hematology

Evidence of robust memory T-cell responses in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Patrick Harrington et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Brian J. Boyarsky et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

The Magnitude and Functionality of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Transplant Population Is Similar to the General Population Despite Immunosuppression

Constantin J. Thieme et al.

Summary: Despite immunosuppression, transplant patients are able to generate a polyfunctional T cell immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. There were no significant differences in humoral and cellular antiviral immunity between immunosuppressed and nonimmunosuppressed patients. Transplant patients showed features of a prematurely aged adaptive immune system but maintained equal frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory T cells.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Surgery

Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Varun K. Phadke et al.

Summary: Transplant recipients exhibit immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 similar to the general population, including inflammatory reactions and antibody production. While CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphopenia is more pronounced in transplant recipients, they still show reactive T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Limited data currently hinders a comprehensive understanding of nuances in immune responses based on organ types or levels of immunosuppression for personalized therapeutic decisions.

CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS (2021)

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Article Surgery