Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
Volume 185, Issue 11, Pages 3294-3313Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62434
Keywords
family-based genomics; HPO; new mutation; quantitative clinical phenotyping; rare variants; SV mutagenesis
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R35NS105078]
- National Human Genome Research Institute [UM1HG006542, U01HG011758]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM106373]
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Clinical characterization of patient phenotype is crucial for differential diagnosis and exploring potential clinical diagnoses. However, the language of medicine and semantic ontology can be challenging to translate and interpret, while clinical genomics plays a key role in medical practice.
Clinical characterization of a patient phenotype has been the quintessential approach for elucidating a differential diagnosis and a hypothesis to explore a potential clinical diagnosis. This has resulted in a language of medicine and a semantic ontology, with both specialty- and subspecialty-specific lexicons, that can be challenging to translate and interpret. There is no 'Rosetta Stone' of clinical medicine such as the genetic code that can assist translation and interpretation of the language of genetics. Nevertheless, the information content embodied within a clinical diagnosis can guide management, therapeutic intervention, and potentially prognostic outlook of disease enabling anticipatory guidance for patients and families. Clinical genomics is now established firmly in medical practice. The granularity and informative content of a personal genome is immense. Yet, we are limited in our utility of much of that personal genome information by the lack of functional characterization of the overwhelming majority of computationally annotated genes in the haploid human reference genome sequence. Whereas DNA and the genetic code have provided a 'Rosetta Stone' to translate genetic variant information, clinical medicine, and clinical genomics provide the context to understand human biology and disease. A path forward will integrate deep phenotyping, such as available in a clinical synopsis in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) entries, with personal genome analyses.
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