Rapid airfoil design optimization via neural networks-based parameterization and surrogate modeling

Aerodynamic optimization based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful design approach because it significantly reduces the design time compared with the human manual design. However, CFD-based optimization can still take hours to converge because it requires repeatedly running computationally expensive flow simulations. To further shorten the design optimization time, we propose a fast, interactive design framework that allows us to complete an airfoil aerodynamic optimization within a few seconds. This framework is made efficient through a B-spline-based generative adversarial network model for shape parameterization, which filters out unrealistic airfoils for a reduced design space that contains all relevant airfoil shapes. Moreover, we use a combination of multilayer perceptron, recurrent neural networks, and mixture of experts for surrogate modeling to enable both scalar (drag and lift) and vector (pressure distribution) response predictions for a wide range of Mach numbers (0.3 to 0.7) and Reynolds numbers (10(4) to 10(10)). To verify our proposed framework, we compare the optimization results with the ones computed by direct CFD-based optimization for subsonic and transonic conditions. The results show that the optimal designs and the aerodynamic quantities (lift, drag, and pressure distribution) obtained by our proposed framework agree well with the ones computed by direct CFD-based optimizations and evaluations. The proposed framework is being integrated into a web-based interactive aerodynamic design framework that allows users to predict drag, lift, moment, pressure distribution, and optimal airfoil shapes for a wide range of flow conditions within seconds. (C) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The aerodynamic optimization based on CFD reduces design time significantly compared with manual design but can still take hours to converge. A fast, interactive design framework is proposed to complete airfoil aerodynamic optimization within seconds, using a B-spline-based generative adversarial network for shape parameterization and a mixture of multilayer perceptron, recurrent neural networks, and experts for surrogate modeling. The framework's optimization results align well with those from direct CFD-based optimizations and evaluations for both subsonic and transonic conditions.