Journal
ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
Volume 155, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104015
Keywords
Surfactant-induced flow; Preferential flow; Heterogeneity; Air-water interfacial adsorption; Solid-phase adsorption; Vadose zone
Categories
Funding
- National Science Founda-tion [2023351]
- Environmental Security Technology Certifica-tion Program (ESTCP) [ER21-5041]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
PFAS fate and transport in the environment are not well understood, with recent modeling studies suggesting long-chain PFAS remain in the shallow vadose zone. Heterogeneities in the subsurface can lead to accelerated leaching of PFAS, especially in preferential flow pathways. Surfactant-induced flow has minimal impact on long-term PFAS leaching in the vadose zone.
PFAS are emergent contaminants of which the fate and transport in the environment remain poorly understood. As surfactants, adsorption at air-water and solid-water interfaces in soils complicates the retention and leaching of PFAS in the vadose zone. Recent modeling studies accounting for the PFAS-specific nonlinear adsorption processes predicted that the majority of long-chain PFAS remain in the shallow vadose zone decades after contamination ceases -in agreement with many field measurements. However, some field investigations show that long-chain PFAS have migrated to tens to a hundred meters below ground surface. These discrepancies may be attributed to model simplifications such as a one-dimensional (1D) homogeneous representation of the vadose zone. Another potentially critical process that has not been fully examined by the 1D models is how surfactant-induced flow (SIF) influences PFAS leaching in multidimensions. We develop a new three-dimensional model incorporating the PFAS-specific flow and transport processes to quantify the impact of SIF and subsurface heterogeneities. Our simulations and analyses conclude that 1) SIF has a minimal impact on the long-term leaching of PFAS in the vadose zone, 2) preferential flow pathways generated by subsurface heterogeneities lead to early arrival and accelerated leaching of (especially long-chain) PFAS, 3) the acceleration of PFAS leaching in high water content preferential pathways or perched water above capillary barriers is more prominent than conventional contaminants due to the destruction of air-water interfaces, and 4) subsurface heterogeneities are among the primary sources of uncertainty for predicting PFAS leaching and retention in the vadose zone.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available