Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 33, Issue 41, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102801
Keywords
anchoring points; coordination shell; geometric and electronic states; single-atom catalysts; structure-property relationship
Categories
Funding
- Australian Renewable Energy Agency [ARENA 2018/RND014]
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This article summarizes the various anchoring sites in single-atom catalysts (SACs) and classifies them based on their impact on catalytic performance. Special emphasis is placed on SACs anchored on carbon- and metal-based materials, with a discussion on the effects of anchoring points on achieving the desirable atomic structure, catalytic performance, and reaction pathways.
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been at the frontier of research field in catalysis owing to the maximized atomic utilization, unique structures and properties. The atomically dispersed and catalytically active metal atoms are necessarily anchored by surrounding atoms. As such, the structure and composition of anchoring sites significantly influence the catalytic performance of SACs even with the same metal element. Significant progress has been made to understand structure-activity relationships at an atomic level, but in-depth understanding in precisely designing highly efficient SACs for the targeted reactions is still required. In this review, various anchoring sites in SACs are summarized and classified into five different types (doped heteroatoms, defect sites, surface atoms, metal sites, and cavity sites). Then, their impacts on catalytic performance are elucidated for electrochemical reactions based on their distance from the metal center (first coordination shell and beyond). Further, SACs anchored on two typical types of hosts, carbon- and metal-based materials, are highlighted, and the effects of anchoring points on achieving the desirable atomic structure, catalytic performance, and reaction pathways are elaborated. At last, insights and outlook to the SAC field based on current achievements and challenges are presented.
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