Journal
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
Volume 117, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106854
Keywords
E-cigarettes; Vaping; Cigarettes; Smoking; Social anxiety; Expectancies
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' Graduate Psychology Education (GPE) Program [D40HP33350]
- Our Lady of the Lake Hospital
- Capital Area Human Services District
- NIH
- American Cancer Society
- Cancer Research Institute of Texas
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The study found that social anxiety may be related to dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, especially because socially anxious individuals have higher expectations for e-cigarettes to manage negative emotions and/or weight.
E-cigarette use is prevalent, and rates of use continue to increase. Although e-cigarettes are often used to help combustible users quit or reduce smoking, some use e-cigarettes in the absence of combustible cigarettes, increasing risk for smoking combustible cigarettes. Yet, little research has examined individual vulnerability factors implicated in transitioning from exclusive e-cigarettes use to dual use of combustible cigarettes. Social anxiety may be one such factor given it is related to a variety of negative smoking-related outcomes. Thus, the current study tested whether social anxiety was related to using e-cigarettes before smoking combustibles among 226 current undergraduate dual users (use both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes). Most dual users re-ported initiating with e-cigarettes (67%). Those who initiated with e-cigarettes reported statistically significantly greater negative reinforcement (d = 0.59) and weight control expectancies (d = 0.37) and greater social anxiety (d = 0.37) than those who initiated with combustibles. Social anxiety was indirectly related to e-cigarette initiation via negative and weight control expectancies. Findings add to a growing literature that dual users initiated with e-cigarettes and extend understanding of this phenomenon by identifying that socially anxious persons may be especially vulnerable to doing so, at least partially due to expectations regarding e-cigarette?s ability to manage negative affect and/or weight.
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