Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 13, Issue 29, Pages 35133-35141Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07876
Keywords
quasi-2D; mixed perovskite; PEA incorporation; charge carriers; KPFM; c-AFM
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [2043205]
- University of Tennessee StART-alliance project
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [2043205] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The study investigates charge carrier properties in quasi-2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and 3D polycrystalline perovskites using advanced scanning probe microscopy techniques. It reveals slower degradation and local inhomogeneous conduction in quasi-2D perovskites, while higher charge carrier dynamics and stronger potential drop are observed in 3D perovskites. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms behind the lower efficiency of quasi-2D perovskites compared to their 3D counterparts.
Quasi-two dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have shown better ambient stability with decent solar cell performances. However, the power conversion efficiency of quasi-2D OIHPs is still below that of 3D polycrystalline perovskites. To understand the limitation of quasi-2D OIHPs, we explore charge carrier properties in 3D and quasi-2D perovskites using advanced scanning probe microscopy techniques. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) identifies slow degradation in quasi-2D perovskites by measuring photovoltage variations under thermal and humid conditions. Bias-driven photocurrent maps obtained by conductive-atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) measurements reveal local inhomogeneous conduction and hysteretic currents in quasi-2D perovskites while relatively uniform conductivity is observed on individual grains in the 3D perovskite counterparts. In addition, bias-driven KPFM and I-V measurements in the lateral Au electrode devices show higher charge carrier dynamics with stronger potential drop at the interfaces in the 3D perovskite than those of the quasi-2D perovskite devices. The combination of c-AFM and KPFM results confirm less ionic conduction in the quasi-2D perovskites as compared to the 3D perovskites. Our study elucidates underlying mechanisms behind the lower efficiency of quasi-2D perovskites, which is necessary for further development of efficient and stable perovskite-based devices.
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