Improving the Morphology Stability of Spiro-OMeTAD Films for Enhanced Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

To guarantee a long lifetime of perovskite-based photovoltaics, the selected materials need to survive relatively hightemperature stress during the solar cell operation. Highly efficient ni-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) often degrade at high operational temperatures due to morphological instability of the hole transport material 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD). We discovered that the detrimental large-domain spiro-OMeTAD crystallization is caused by the simultaneous presence of tert-butylpyridine (tBP) additive and gold (Au) as a capping layer. Based on this discovery and our understanding, we demonstrated facile strategies that successfully stabilize the amorphous phase of spiro-OMeTAD film. As a result, the thermal stability of n- i-p PSCs is largely improved. After the spiro-OMeTAD films in the PSCs were stressed for 1032 h at 85 degrees C in the dark in nitrogen environment, reference PSCs retained only 22% of their initial average power conversion efficiency (PCE), while the best target PSCs retained 85% relative average PCE. Our work suggests facile ways to realize efficient and thermally stable spiro-OMeTAD containing n-i-p PSCs.

Automated summary

By studying the stability issues of the hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite-based photovoltaic cells, it was discovered that the simultaneous presence of tert-butylpyridine (tBP) additive and gold (Au) as a capping layer may cause detrimental large-domain crystallization of Spiro-OMeTAD. Strategies were proposed to stabilize the amorphous phase of the film, leading to significantly improved thermal stability of the cells. This work suggests easy ways to achieve efficient and thermally stable Spiro-OMeTAD-containing perovskite photovoltaic cells.