Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 13, Issue 37, Pages 44596-44603Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14503
Keywords
X-ray imaging; stability; nanoscintillator screen; afterglow; spatial resolution
Funding
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LZ21A040002]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [62005241, 52172164]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang [2020YW21, 2020YW23, 2020YW31]
- office of vice president for Research and Economic Development at the University at Buffalo
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The study introduces ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-capped NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb nanoparticles as a highly sensitive nanoscintillator for X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging. By doping Ce3+ ions, the nanoscintillator screen achieves high spatial resolution and low afterglow, demonstrating potential for high-quality XEOL imaging of various objects.
Scintillation-based X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging shows great potential applications in the fields of industrial security inspection and medical diagnosis. It is still a great challenge to achieve scintillators simultaneously with low toxicity, high stability, strong XEOL intensity, and weak afterglow as well as simple device processibility with weak light scattering. Herein, we introduce ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-capped NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb nanoparticles (NPs) as a highly sensitive nanoscintillator, which meets all of the abovementioned challenges. These NPs show comparable XEOL intensity to the commercial CsI (Tl) single crystal in the green region. We propose a mechanism that involves a new electron-captured path by Ce3+ ions and the promotion of energy migration from a trap center to surface quenchers via a Gd3+ sublattice, which greatly reduces the population in traps to produce significant reduction of afterglow. Moreover, by employing an ultrathin transparent NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb film (0.045 mm) as a nanoscintillator screen for XEOL imaging, a high spatial resolution of 18.6 lp mm(-1) is realized owing to the greatly limited optical scattering, which is superior to the commercial CsI (TI) scintillator and most reported lead halide perovskites. We demonstrate that doping Ce3+ ions can greatly limit X-ray-activated afterglow, enabling to use an ultrathin transparent fluoride NP-based nanoscintillator screen for high-quality XEOL imaging of various objects such as an electronics chip and biological tissue.
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