Journal
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.640960
Keywords
intense pulsed light; perovskite solar cell (PSC); nickel oxide; roll- to-roll (R2R) manufacturing; high throughout; photonic curing; hole transport layer (HTL)
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1916612]
- U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy Technologies Office [DE-EE0008544]
- Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Nanoelectronics
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The study demonstrates the use of photonic curing for efficient and rapid production of PSCs with satisfactory power conversion efficiencies. By optimizing the single-pulse photonic curing conditions, it paves the way for the high-throughput production of perovskite solar modules.
High-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently limited by thermal processes that take tens of minutes each, translating to impractically long annealing tools at high web speeds. In addition, PSCs are usually made with metal oxide transport layer materials that require high temperatures for thermal annealing. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of PSCs using photonic curing, instead of thermal annealing, to convert NiOx directly from sol-gel precursors for hole transport layers and to crystallize methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) active layers on flexible Willow (R) Glass substrates. Photonic curing uses short, intense pulses of light to process materials at a high speed, hence it is compatible with R2R manufacturing. We achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.7% in forward-scan and 10.9% in reverse-scan for PSCs made with photonic cured NiOx and MAPbI(3) films. Furthermore, both NiOx and MAPbI(3) films could be processed with a single photonic curing pulse, with a web speed of 5.7 m/min, and still produce PCEs comparable to thermally annealed control samples. Based on the single-pulse photonic curing condition for each film, we project a web speed of 26 m/min, laying a pathway to high-throughput production of perovskite solar modules.
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