4.6 Article

Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of CDH1 Regulatory Regions in Hereditary and Sporadic Gastric Cancer

Journal

PHARMACEUTICALS
Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ph14050457

Keywords

gastric cancer; CDH1 gene; DNA methylation; regulatory regions; genetic predisposition; Next-Generation Sequencing

Funding

  1. IRCCS IRST
  2. FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020
  3. Portuguese funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274]
  4. Norte Portugal Regional Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016390]
  5. ERDF, POCI [PTDC/BTM-TEC/30164/2017]
  6. FCT
  7. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BTM-TEC/30164/2017] Funding Source: FCT

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This study aimed to elucidate the role of genetic variants and DNA methylation of CDH1 promoter and enhancers in the regulation of gene expression in gastric cancer. The results showed that alterations in terms of genetic variants and DNA methylation patterns of both promoter and enhancers are associated with CDH1 expression levels and have a role in its regulation. The study revealed different methylation patterns in patients and controls, GC cell lines and GC tissues, expressing different E-cadherin levels.
E-cadherin is a key player in gastric cancer (GC) and germline alterations of CDH1, its encoding gene, are responsible for Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) syndrome. This study aimed at elucidating the role of genetic variants and DNA methylation of CDH1 promoter and enhancers in the regulation of gene expression. For this purpose, we analyzed genetic variants of the CDH1 gene through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in a series of GC cell lines (NCI-N87, KATO-III, SNU-1, SNU-5, GK2, AKG, KKP) and the corresponding CDH1 expression levels. By bisulfite genomic sequencing, we analyzed the methylation status of CDH1 regulatory regions in 8 GC cell lines, in a series of 13 sporadic GC tissues and in a group of 20 HDGC CDH1-negative patients and 6 healthy controls. The NGS analysis on CDH1 coding and regulatory regions detected genetic alterations in 3 out of 5 GC cell lines lacking functional E-cadherin. CDH1 regulatory regions showed different methylation patterns in patients and controls, GC cell lines and GC tissues, expressing different E-cadherin levels. Our results showed that alterations in terms of genetic variants and DNA methylation patterns of both promoter and enhancers are associated with CDH1 expression levels and have a role in its regulation.

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