Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 2990-2998Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01550
Keywords
acid additive; hybrid perovskite; perovskite microstructures; perovskite porosity; perovskite solar cells
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [714067]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [424216076]
- European Research Council (ERC) [714067] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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This work presents a facile and versatile method to control the grain size and layer porosity of perovskite films using hypophosphorous acid (HPA) as an additive. The increase in grain size leads to a significant enhancement of open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells, demonstrating the potential for application in high-quality porous perovskite films for light-emitting diodes.
In this work, a facile, versatile approach to control the grain size and layer porosity of perovskite films is introduced. By gradually tuning the amount of additive (hypophosphorous acid, HPA) in the methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI(3)) perovskite precursor solution, the perovskite grain size can be enhanced by over one order of magnitude regardless of the choice of the underlying layer or substrate. A further increase in the HPA amount results in the formation of a porous perovskite layer with large grains. When incorporated in perovskite solar cells with an inverted architecture, the increase in grain size results in devices with a far higher open-circuit voltage (up to 1.16 V), corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 20.1%. This work shows that HPA is superior to many other additives in its ability to tune the film microstructure and further demonstrates that unlike other additives, it can also be used to form high-quality porous perovskite films of great interest for application in light-emitting diodes.
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