Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 3240-3248Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c03015
Keywords
thermal electrochemical activation; mechanical strength; beta-PVDF fiber; dendrite growth suppression; electrospinning
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 109-2639-E-011-001-ASP, 109-2923-E-011-008, 109-3116-F-011-001-CC1, 109-2124-M002-008, 109-2923-E-011-009, 109-2221-E-011-063-MY3]
- Ministry of Education of Taiwan (MOE U2RSC program)
- Academia Sinica [AS-KPQ-106-DDPP]
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The findings suggest that thermal-electrochemical activation (TEA) of beta-PVDF conformal coating on copper can improve interfacial chemistry with lithium active materials, leading to a robust solid electrolyte interface and enhanced stability and cycling performance of lithium metal batteries.
Organic electrolytes react aggressively with lithium (Li) active materials, especially at 60 degrees C, exhibiting uncontrolled dendrite growth. Herein, beta-poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) polymer conformal coating on copper (Cu) is successfully prepared via electrospinning. The charge/discharge performance of the anode-free full cell configuration, either Cu@beta-PVDF parallel to NMC or Cu@alpha-PVDF parallel to NMC, is very poor at room temperature. Interestingly, when the Cugfi-PVDF parallel to NMC cell treated with five charge/ discharge cycles at 60 degrees C, termed thermal-electrochemical activation (TEA), achieves the capacity retention of 68.36 and 78.45% at the 20th cycle, it progresses in the following cycles at 25 and 60 degrees C, respectively. Even though it is treated with TEA, the Cua-PVDF parallel to NMC cell attains the capacity retention of only 35.36% at the 20th cycle at 60 degrees C. The adsorption of beta-PVDF on the Li surface is more thermodynamically favorable than alpha-PVDF from the density functional theory calculation, whereas polar beta-PVDF is seen as more effective in guiding the lithium cation flux beta-PVDF and the plated Li react to form a robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface. Unlike what is commonly perceived, TEA of beta-PVDF can improve the interfacial chemistry and result in a compact deposition of lithium and stable cycling performance. The findings can apply to the conformal coating on Cu in anode-free batteries and other lithium metal batteries with liquid or solid electrolytes.
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