Journal
MATHEMATICS
Volume 9, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/math9091024
Keywords
finite element method; implicit FEM; explicit FEM; skeletal muscle
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Funding
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades [DPI2017-84047-R]
- Department of Industry and Innovation (Government of Aragon) (Feder 2014-2020: Construyendo Europa desde Aragon) [T24-20R]
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The study compared the dynamic implicit and dynamic explicit solutions for simulating the movement of the eye ball induced by the extraocular muscles. The results showed that the implicit dynamic method achieved a significant reduction in computational time while producing similar simulation outcomes.
The finite element method has been widely used to investigate the mechanical behavior of biological tissues. When analyzing these particular materials subjected to dynamic requests, time integration algorithms should be considered to incorporate the inertial effects. These algorithms can be classified as implicit or explicit. Although both algorithms have been used in different scenarios, a comparative study of the outcomes of both methods is important to determine the performance of a model used to simulate the active contraction of the skeletal muscle tissue. In this work, dynamic implicit and dynamic explicit solutions are presented for the movement of the eye ball induced by the extraocular muscles. Aspects such as stability, computational time and the influence of mass-scaling for the explicit formulation were assessed using ABAQUS software. Both strategies produced similar results regarding range of movement of the eye ball, total deformation and kinetic energy. Using the implicit dynamic formulation, an important amount of computational time reduction is achieved. Although mass-scaling can reduce the simulation time, the dynamic contraction of the muscle is drastically altered.
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