Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants10030543
Keywords
buckwheat; broomrape weeds; haustorium; allelopathic flavonoids; DMBQ; structure-activity relationship (SAR); sustainable crop protection
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC-2015-18961, AGL2017-87693-R]
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Buckwheat roots exhibit allelopathic potential on the radicle growth of Phelipanche ramosa, attributed to the presence of quercetin. Quercetin also induces haustorium formation in P. ramosa, along with inhibitory effects on radicle growth.
Allelopathic potential of buckwheat roots on the radicle growth of the broomrape weed species Orobanche cumana and Phelipanche ramosa was studied. Buckwheat root exudates induced a significant growth inhibition in P. ramosa radicles but radicles of O. cumana were not affected. Among the metabolites present in the root organic extract we identified the flavonol quercetin and the stilbene p-coumaric acid methyl ester with only quercetin showing inhibitory effect on P. ramosa. The activity of quercetin was compared with other two similar flavanoids, the flavone apigenin and the dihydroflavanol 3-O-acetylpadmatin extracted respectively from Lavandula stoechas and Dittrichia viscosa plants. In this comparative assay only 3-O-acetylpadmatin besides quercetin, showed inhibition activity of radicle growth while apigenin was inactive. These results indicated that the presence of two ortho-free hydroxy groups of C ring, like catechol, could be an important feature to impart activity while the carbon skeleton of B ring and substituents of both A and B rings are not essential. Besides reduction of radicle growth, haustorium induction was observed at the tip of P. ramosa radicles treated with quercetin which swelled and a layer of papillae was formed. Activity of quercetin on haustorium induction in P. ramosa was assayed in comparison with the known haustorium-inducing factor 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and a three partial methyl ether derivatives semisynthetized from quercetin. Results indicated that P. ramosa haustorium was induced by DMBQ at concentrations of 1-0.5 mM and quercetin and its derivatives at concentration range 0.1-0.05 mM.
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