Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Anthocyanin-Rich Carrots: A Comparison between the Black Carrot and the Apulian Landrace Polignano Carrot

The carrot is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world. Black or purple carrots contain acylated anthocyanins which are of special interest to the food industry for their stability and nutraceutical characteristics. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables have gained popularity in the last ten years, due to the health benefits they provide. In this paper, the characterizations of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of different anthocyanin-containing carrots (a black carrot-BC, and a local purple carrot, the Polignano carrot-PC), compared to the commercial orange carrot (OC) (lacking of anthocyanins), are reported. The anthocyanin profiles of the polyphenolic extracts of BC and PC were similar, but differences were observed at quantitative levels. The total anthocyanin content in BC was more than twice that in PC (13.84 +/- 0.61 vs. 5.64 +/- 0.48 mg K Eq. g(-1) DW). Phenolic acids (mostly chlorogenic acid) were also present at high level in anthocyanin-rich carrots compared to OC. High polyphenol content accounted also for a high reducing capacity (evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, FCR), and antioxidant capacity (evaluated by TEAC and ORAC assays) which were the highest for BC (FCR value: 16.6 +/- 1.1 mg GAE. g(-1) DW; TEAC: 76.6 +/- 10.6 mu mol TE. g(-1) DW; ORAC: 159.9 +/- 3.3 mu mol TE. g(-1) DW). All carrot genotypes (mostly OC) were rich in carotenoids (BC 0.14 +/- 0.024; PC 0.33 +/- 0.038; OC 1.29 +/- 0.09 mg. g(-1) DW), with predominance of alpha and beta-carotene, in OC, and lutein in BC. PC showed the highest malic acid and sugar (glucose plus fructose) content. In conclusion, while BC is remarkable for nutraceutical features, the local genotype (Polignano carrot) is worth considering in genetic biodiversity conservation programme.

Automated summary

Black and purple carrots, rich in anthocyanins, exhibit high antioxidant capacities and contain abundant polyphenolic compounds. In contrast, orange carrots lacking anthocyanins have lower nutritional value.