Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Article Infectious Diseases

Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Carolina Garcia-Vidal et al.

Summary: The study found that co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were relatively low compared to other viral pandemics. Patients experienced worse outcomes after hospital-acquired superinfections occurred.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Nosocomial infections associated to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and outcome

Tommaso Bardi et al.

Summary: Co-infection of bacteria and fungi is common in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and usually presents as a severe form of infection, associated with a high mortality rate and longer ICU stay.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study

Anahita Rouze et al.

Summary: The incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) is significantly higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those with influenza pneumonia or no viral infection. Gram-negative bacilli, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp., were responsible for a large proportion of VA-LRTI episodes.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in coronavirus 2019 disease, a retrospective monocentric cohort study

Marco Moretti et al.

Summary: This study investigated predictive factors for bacterial VAP in mechanically ventilated CoViD-19 patients, finding significant differences in ICU hospitalization duration and minimal lung compliance. Additionally, determinants of lethality were analyzed, showing a significant difference in SOFA score with mortality.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Community-acquired and hospital-acquired respiratory tract infection and bloodstream infection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia

Kirstine K. Sogaard et al.

Summary: This study tracked infection among COVID-19 patients at the University Hospital Basel and found that community-acquired viral and bacterial infections were rare, while hospital-acquired bacterial or fungal infections were common among ICU patients. The infection rate was higher among ICU patients.

JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 ICU and mechanical ventilation patient characteristics and outcomes-A systematic review and meta-analysis

Raymond Chang et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 ICU and IMV cases and associated outcomes. The findings suggest a significant association between ARDS, AKI, IMV, and mortality, with regional differences in outcomes indicating the need for region-specific protocols for ventilatory support and treatment.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Increased susceptibility to intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia in severe COVID-19 patients: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Jean-Francois Llitjos et al.

Summary: The study showed that COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of developing ICU-acquired pneumonia compared to patients with bacterial or non-SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia. The risk of ICU-acquired pneumonia remained independently associated with COVID-19 in mechanically ventilated patients, suggesting a potential unique pathogenesis of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Additional research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to this increased risk.

ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Incidence and Prognosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study

Daniele Roberto Giacobbe et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units, finding that VAP is frequent and associated with a high fatality rate, likely due to the cumulative impact of the underlying viral disease and superimposed bacterial infections.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Nosocomial Pneumonia in the Era of Multidrug-Resistance: Updates in Diagnosis and Management

Elena Xu et al.

Summary: This narrative review critically examines new developments in the field of Nosocomial pneumonia (NP), focusing on diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. It discusses novel imaging modalities, rapid microbiological confirmation methods for etiological diagnosis, and potential future diagnostic tools. The review also covers antibiotics approved for NP management during the last decade.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Hospital-Acquired Infections in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

Giacomo Grasselli et al.

Summary: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), especially ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. HAIs prolong mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and those complicated by septic shock nearly double mortality rate.

CHEST (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Secondary infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: An overlooked matter?

Alejandro Suarez-de-la-Rica et al.

Summary: The study found a high incidence of secondary infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients, with age being associated with the development of secondary infections. Age ≥65 years and secondary infection were independent predictors of mortality.

REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J. Page et al.

Summary: The PRISMA statement was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report the purpose, methods, and findings of their reviews. The updated PRISMA 2020 statement includes new reporting guidance, a 27-item checklist, an abstract checklist, and revised flow diagrams for reviews.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Personal protective equipment use by healthcare workers in intensive care unit during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a secondary analysis of the PPE-SAFE survey

Mariachiara Ippolito et al.

Summary: Italian healthcare workers faced high occupational infection risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially due to insufficient personal protective equipment supplies. The study revealed inadequate training, lack of formal fit tests for N95 masks, and limited partnership for donning and doffing procedures among the surveyed healthcare workers in Italy. There is significant room for improvement in adherence to safety procedures in the future.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2021)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Mechanical ventilation parameters in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a scoping review

Giacomo Grasselli et al.

Summary: Available data on respiratory mechanics and MV settings in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 are heterogeneous but similar to classical ARDS. However, complete data regarding mechanical properties of the respiratory system, optimal MV settings, and rescue treatments for refractory hypoxemia are still lacking in the medical literature.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Epidemiology and microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective study in 188 patients in an un-inundated French region

Gauthier Blonz et al.

Summary: The study analyzed data from 188 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in ICUs, showing a high incidence of VAP with a significant proportion of enterobacteria, and higher risk in male patients. Complications such as abscess and empyema were not exceptional in VAP cases.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Mailis Maes et al.

Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients were more likely to develop VAP, with 3 cases of invasive aspergillosis identified among them and herpesvirade activation being more frequent. The causative organisms of secondary pneumonia observed were similar between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, suggesting a link to pulmonary dysbiosis caused by COVID-19.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical characteristics and day-90 outcomes of 4244 critically ill adults with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

Matthieu Schmidt et al.

Summary: Among more than 4000 critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to our ICUs, 90-day mortality was 31% and decreased from 42 to 25% over the study period. Mortality was higher in older, diabetic, obese and severe ARDS patients.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Critical Care Medicine