4.6 Review

Bacterial Targets of Antibiotics in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Journal

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040398

Keywords

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); antibiotic targets; cell wall; peptidoglycan synthesis; protein synthesis; teichoic acid; lipid II

Funding

  1. Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Korean government, Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) [2017M3A9E4077232]
  2. Hallym University
  3. National Research Foundation of Korea [2017M3A9E4077232] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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MRSA is a prevalent bacterial pathogen worldwide, and finding new antibiotic targets is crucial for successful treatment. Most antibiotics target essential biochemical processes of S. aureus, such as cell wall synthesis. Further research into novel antibiotics targeting bacterial cellular processes could lead to new therapeutic strategies against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. MRSA is a commensal bacterium in humans and is transmitted in both community and healthcare settings. Successful treatment remains a challenge, and a search for new targets of antibiotics is required to ensure that MRSA infections can be effectively treated in the future. Most antibiotics in clinical use selectively target one or more biochemical processes essential for S. aureus viability, e.g., cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis (translation), DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription), or metabolic processes, such as folic acid synthesis. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanism of action of antibiotics from different classes and discuss insights into the well-established primary targets in S. aureus. Further, several components of bacterial cellular processes, such as teichoic acid, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lipid II cycle, auxiliary factors of beta-lactam resistance, two-component systems, and the accessory gene regulator quorum sensing system, are discussed as promising targets for novel antibiotics. A greater molecular understanding of the bacterial targets of antibiotics has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic strategies or identify agents against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

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