Journal
METABOLITES
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030181
Keywords
metabolomics; volatilomics; lipidomics; prostate cancer; urine; tissue; biomarkers; metabolic pathways
Categories
Funding
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO - FCT [UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020]
- FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)
- Portuguese funds through FCT [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030388-PTDC/SAU-SER/30388/2017]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/123012/2016]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/123012/2016] Funding Source: FCT
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Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Metabolomics studies have found consistent alterations in specific metabolites in prostate cancer tissue and urine, suggesting the potential for novel biomarker discovery. Valencia, taurine, leucine, and citrate were found to be commonly altered in both urine and tissue studies, indicating a promising strategy for prostate cancer diagnosis.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. For its screening, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test has been largely performed over the past decade, despite its lack of accuracy and inability to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease. Metabolomics has been widely applied in cancer biomarker discovery due to the well-known metabolic reprogramming characteristic of cancer cells. Most of the metabolomic studies have reported alterations in urine of PCa patients due its noninvasive collection, but the analysis of prostate tissue metabolome is an ideal approach to disclose specific modifications in PCa development. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most recent findings from tissue and urine metabolomic studies applied to PCa biomarker discovery. Eighteen metabolites were found consistently altered in PCa tissue among different studies, including alanine, arginine, uracil, glutamate, fumarate, and citrate. Urine metabolomic studies also showed consistency in the dysregulation of 15 metabolites and, interestingly, alterations in the levels of valine, taurine, leucine and citrate were found in common between urine and tissue studies. These findings unveil that the impact of PCa development in human metabolome may offer a promising strategy to find novel biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.
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