Journal
PATHOGENS
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040483
Keywords
cell-to-cell transmission; trogocytosis
Categories
Funding
- Thailand Research Fund [RSA6080088]
- Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ)
- Program Scholarship from the Thailand Research Fund [PHD/0009/2558, RGJ 18]
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Viruses have developed direct cell-to-cell transfer strategies for rapid and efficient entry into target cells, with the H5N1 influenza virus demonstrating faster cell-to-cell transmission than the human influenza H1N1 virus. Plasma membrane exchange (trogocytosis) between infected donor cells and uninfected recipient cells facilitates the intercellular transfer of viral material, with H5N1 virus inducing higher levels of trogocytosis and explaining its faster transmission rate.
Viruses have developed direct cell-to-cell transfer strategies to enter target cells without being released to escape host immune responses and antiviral treatments. These strategies are more rapid and efficient than transmission through indirect mechanisms of viral infection between cells. Here, we demonstrate that an H5N1 influenza virus can spread via direct cell-to-cell transfer in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We compared cell-to-cell transmission of the H5N1 virus to that of a human influenza H1N1 virus. The H5N1 virus has been found to spread to recipient cells faster than the human influenza H1N1 virus. Additionally, we showed that plasma membrane exchange (trogocytosis) occurs between co-cultured infected donor cells and uninfected recipient cells early point, allowing the intercellular transfer of viral material to recipient cells. Notably, the H5N1 virus induced higher trogocytosis levels than the H1N1 virus, which could explain the faster cell-to-cell transmission rate of H5N1. Importantly, this phenomenon was also observed in A549 human lung epithelial cells, which are representative cells in the natural infection site. Altogether, our results provide evidence demonstrating that trogocytosis could be the additional mechanism utilized by the H5N1 virus for rapid and efficient cell-to-cell transmission.
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