Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11040585
Keywords
EGFR; NADPH oxidase; vasoconstriction; endothelial dysfunction; phenylephrine; angiotensin II; vascular remodeling; fibrosis
Categories
Funding
- Fundacao de Aparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014-23946-0]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Hypertension is associated with various pathophysiological mechanisms, but central mechanisms, increased oxidative stress, and impaired NO bioavailability play critical roles in vascular dysfunction and remodeling. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, leading to abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components. The protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants, and drugs enhancing vascular NO activity may offer significant advantages in preventing vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in hypertension, but those resulting in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are critical and may help to identify critical pharmacological targets. This mini-review article focuses on central mechanisms contributing to the vascular dysfunction and remodeling of hypertension, increased oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which enhance vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The relationship between NO, MMP and oxidative stress culminating in the vascular alterations of hypertension is examined. While the alterations of hypertension are not fully attributable to these pathophysiological mechanisms, there is strong evidence that such mechanisms play critical roles in increasing vascular MMP expression and activity, thus resulting in abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components, receptors, peptides, and intracellular proteins involved in the regulation of vascular function and structure. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes, thus facilitating cell growth or migration, which is associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix components. Finally, the protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants and drugs that enhance vascular NO activity are briefly discussed. Newly emerging therapies that address these essential mechanisms may offer significant advantages to prevent vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available