Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11040537
Keywords
renal clear cell carcinoma; renin-angiotensin system; cancer stem cells; renin; pro-renin receptor; angiotensin-converting enzyme; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; angiotensin II receptor 1; angiotensin II receptor 2
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Funding
- Dean Endowment Trust
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This study demonstrated the expression of PRR, ACE2, and AT(2)R by the CSCs within RCCC. Further studies may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of CSCs by manipulation of the RAS in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.
This study investigated the expression of components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by cancer stem cells (CSCs) we have recently demonstrated in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC). Fifteen RCCC tissue samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for components of the RAS: renin, pro-renin receptor (PRR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and angiotensin II receptor 2 (AT(2)R). Immunofluorescence co-staining or double immunohistochemical staining of these components of the RAS with stemness-associated markers OCT4 or KLF4 was performed on two of the samples. Protein and transcript expression of these components of the RAS in six RCCC tissue samples was investigated using western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. In addition, angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT(1)R) was investigated using RT-qPCR only. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated expression of renin, PRR, and ACE2 in 11, 13, and 13 out of 15 RCCC samples, respectively, while AT(2)R was expressed in all 15 samples. ACE was detected in the endothelium of normal vasculature only. Double immunohistochemical staining demonstrated localization of ACE2, but not renin, to the KLF4+ CSCs. Immunofluorescence staining showed localization of PRR and AT(2)R to the OCT4+ CSCs. Western blotting confirmed protein expression of all components of the RAS except renin. RT-qPCR demonstrated transcript expression of all components of the RAS including AT(1)R, but not AT(2)R, in all six RCCC tissue samples. This study demonstrated expression of PRR, ACE2, and AT(2)R by the CSCs within RCCC. Further studies may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of CSCs by manipulation of the RAS in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.
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