Journal
VACCINES
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040349
Keywords
vaccines; COVID-19; global pandemic; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2
Categories
Funding
- S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Programme [2018B10022]
- Ningbo Natural Science Foundation Programme [2018A610069]
- UNNC FoSE Faculty Inspiration Grant, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology [2020E10018]
- Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau, China
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Developing COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy. Thirteen vaccines have been approved, with over 90 candidates in clinical trials. Despite being in its infancy, current progress in vaccine development is promising.
The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. At present, the world is relying mainly on containment and hygiene-related measures, as well as repurposed drugs to control the outbreak. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, and a collective global effort has been invested into protection against SARS-CoV-2. As of March 2021, thirteen vaccines have been approved for application whilst over 90 vaccine candidates are under clinical trials. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and vaccination reactions of the authorised vaccines. The mechanisms, storage, and dosage specification of vaccine candidates at the advanced stage of development are also critically reviewed together with considerations for potential challenges. Whilst the development of a vaccine is, in general, in its infancy, current progress is promising. However, the world population will have to continue to adapt to the new normal and practice social distancing and hygienic measures, at least until effective vaccines are available to the general public.
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