Comparison of Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Solution by Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds

In this work, biomass obtained from seeds (S-MO) and leaves (L-MO) of the Moringa oleifera plant were used as low-cost biosorbents to remove the Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of the heavy metal ions was done using the batch technique. The effects of contact time (30-1440 min), biosorbent dosage (10-50 g/L) (0.1-0.5 g), and initial concentration of metals (10-500 mg/L) on the sorption capacity of metal ions were investigated. The S-MO and L-MO samples' characterization was performed using pH(pzc), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the pH(pzc) was notably different between the seeds and leave-derived biosorbents. The removal process's experimental kinetic data for both S-MO and L-MO were best described by the pseudo-second-order model for all metal ions, with R-2 above 0.997 in all cases. Langmuir and Freundlich's models were also used to analyze the isotherms parameters. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum sorption capacities (Qm) for L-MO were found as follows: L-MO-Pb > L-MO-Cd > L-MO-Co >= L-MO-Ni, and for S-MO, the values of Qm values presented the following order: S-MO-Pb > S-MO-Co > S-MO-Cd > S-MO-Ni.

Automated summary

In this study, biomass from Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves was used as low-cost biosorbents to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The experimental kinetic data for both S-MO and L-MO were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir model was used to determine the maximum sorption capacities for different metal ions. Overall, the biosorbents showed promising potential for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) from water.