4.5 Article

Automatic Recording of the Target Location During Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Testing Using Video-Oculography and Deep Learning-Based Object Detection

Journal

Publisher

ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.1

Keywords

eye movements; pursuit eye movements; video oculography; artificial intelligence; object detection

Categories

Funding

  1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19K20728, 18H04116, 20K04271, 19K21783]
  2. Charitable Trust Fund for Ophthalmic Research in Commemoration of Santen Pharmaceutical's Founder
  3. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20K04271, 19K20728, 19K21783, 18H04116] Funding Source: KAKEN

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The combination of VOG and SSD allows for accurate recording of hand-held target movements and SPEMs and quantitative assessment in eye tracking tests.
Purpose: To accurately record the movements of a hand-held target together with the smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) elicited with video-oculography (VOG) combined with deep learning-based object detection using a single-shot multibox detector (SSD). Methods: The SPEMs of 11 healthy volunteers (21.3 +/- 0.9 years) were recorded using VOG. The subjects fixated on a moving target that was manually moved at a distance of 1 m by the examiner. An automatic recording system was developed using SSD to predict the type and location of objects in a single image. The 400 images that were taken of one subject using a VOG scene camera were distributed into 2 groups (300 and 100) for training and validation. The testing data included 1100 images of all subjects (100 images/subject). The method achieved 75% average precision (AP75) for the relationship between the location of the fixated target (as calculated by SSD) and the position of each eye (as recorded by VOG). Results: The AP75 for all subjects was 99.7% +/- 0.6%. The horizontal and vertical target locations were significantly and positively correlated with each eye position in the horizontal and vertical directions (adjusted R2 >= 0.955, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The addition of SSD-driven recording of hand-held target positions with VOG allows for quantitative assessment of SPEMs following a target during an SPEM test. Translational Relevance: The combined methods of VOG and SSD can be used to detect SPEMs with greater accuracy, which can improve the outcome of clinical evaluations.

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