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Pancreas Optical Clearing and 3-D Microscopy in Health and Diabetes

Journal

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.644826

Keywords

islet; autonomic (vegetative) nervous system; lightsheet microscopy; CLARITY; adipocyte; Schwann cell; confocal 3-D microscopy; organoid

Funding

  1. NIH [1R01DK122160, UC4 DK104155, U54 DK127823, OT2 OD023861]
  2. Helmsley Charitable Trust [2015PG-T1D052]
  3. Taiwan National Health Research Institutes [NHRI-EX109-10922EI]
  4. Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 108-2314-B-007-006-MY2]
  5. JDRF [47-2014-1, 2-SRA-2019-697-S-B]

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Tissue optical clearing has regained attention recently thanks to advancements in methods, microscopy systems, and 3-D image analysis programs. It is particularly beneficial for studying neuroanatomy, tissue vasculature, and lymphatic systems, offering new opportunities for examining pancreatic and islet functions in health and diabetes through defining their neurovascular anatomy.
Although first described over a hundred years ago, tissue optical clearing is undergoing renewed interest due to numerous advances in optical clearing methods, microscopy systems, and three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis programs. These advances are advantageous for intact mouse tissues or pieces of human tissues because samples sized several millimeters can be studied. Optical clearing methods are particularly useful for studies of the neuroanatomy of the central and peripheral nervous systems and tissue vasculature or lymphatic system. Using examples from solvent- and aqueous-based optical clearing methods, the mouse and human pancreatic structures and networks will be reviewed in 3-D for neuro-insular complexes, parasympathetic ganglia, and adipocyte infiltration as well as lymphatics in diabetes. Optical clearing with multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy provides new opportunities to examine the role of the nervous and circulatory systems in pancreatic and islet functions by defining their neurovascular anatomy in health and diabetes.

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