Journal
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491
Keywords
CRISPR-Cas9; rat; knockout; knockin; transgenesis; genetic diseases; immune genes
Categories
Funding
- Biogenouest by Region Pays de la Loire
- IBiSA program
- TEFOR (Investissements d'Avenir French Government program) [ANRIII-NSB-0014]
- LabCom SOURIRAT project [ANR-14-LAB5-0008]
- Labex IGO project (Investissements d'Avenir French Government program) [ANR-11-LABX-0016-01]
- IHU-Cesti project (Investissements d'Avenir French Government program) [ANR-10-IBHU-005]
- Fondation Progreffe
- genOway
- IHU-Cesti project (Nantes Metropole)
- IHU-Cesti project (Region Pays de la Loire)
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This review discusses the extensive use of rats as small animal models in genetic engineering, focusing on their application in human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. It also highlights the competitive advantages of rat models over mouse models, particularly in addressing specific scientific questions.
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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