Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628973
Keywords
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; innate immunity; immune evasion; vaccine
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [881870016, 1570009, 81273237]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2015A030313513, 2020A1515010283]
- Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Guangdong Medical University [STIF201110, B2012078]
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Exosomes are important signal transport vectors for cell-cell communication and immune modulation, playing a critical role in anti-MTB immune response. Infected-cell-derived exosomes trigger different immune responses during tuberculosis infection, highlighting their potential in developing new vaccination and treatment strategies for TB. Exosomes, as a novel kind of delivery system, show promise in the field of novel anti-MTB vaccines and therapies.
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles carrying protein, lipid, and nucleic acid for secreting cells, and act as significant signal transport vectors for cell-cell communication and immune modulation. Immune-cell-derived exosomes have been found to contain molecules involved in immunological pathways, such as MHCII, cytokines, and pathogenic antigens. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most fatal infectious diseases. The pathogen for tuberculosis escapes the immune defense and continues to replicate despite rigorous and complicate host cell mechanisms. The infected-cell-derived exosomes under this circumstance are found to trigger different immune responses, such as inflammation, antigen presentation, and activate subsequent pathways, highlighting the critical role of exosomes in anti-MTB immune response. Additionally, as a novel kind of delivery system, exosomes show potential in developing new vaccination and treatment of tuberculosis. We here summarize recent research progress regarding exosomes in the immune environment during MTB infection, and further discuss the potential of exosomes as delivery system for novel anti-MTB vaccines and therapies.
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