Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795
Keywords
regulatory B cells; IL-10; TGF-β IL-35; TIM-1; PD-L1; granzyme B; CD1d
Categories
Funding
- National Agency for Research and Development ANID-Fondecyt Iniciacion Grant [11170800]
- ANID-PFCHA/National Doctoral Scholarship [21181286]
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Regulatory B cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing exacerbated inflammatory responses. In addition to IL-10, other molecules such as IL-35, TGF-beta, and cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1 are utilized by Bregs to regulate immune responses.
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-beta, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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