Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app11062574
Keywords
intelligent transportation systems; urban motorways; traffic control; ramp metering; variable speed limit; connected and autonomous vehicles; reinforcement learning
Categories
Funding
- University of Zagreb
- Croatian Science Foundation [IP-2020-02-5042]
- European Regional Development Fund [KK.01.1.1.01.0009]
- Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences
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The increasing traffic demand in urban areas causes congestion on existing roads, and intelligent transportation systems like VSL and RM control algorithms can effectively alleviate traffic congestion issues. The development of AVs and CAVs presents new opportunities for traffic control.
The trend of increasing traffic demand is causing congestion on existing urban roads, including urban motorways, resulting in a decrease in Level of Service (LoS) and safety, and an increase in fuel consumption. Lack of space and non-compliance with cities' sustainable urban plans prevent the expansion of new transport infrastructure in some urban areas. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, appropriate solutions come from the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems by implementing traffic control services. Those services include Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Ramp Metering (RM) for urban motorways. VSL reduces the speed of incoming vehicles to a bottleneck area, and RM limits the inflow through on-ramps. In addition, with the increasing development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected AVs (CAVs), new opportunities for traffic control are emerging. VSL and RM can reduce traffic congestion on urban motorways, especially so in the case of mixed traffic flows where AVs and CAVs can fully comply with the control system output. Currently, there is no existing overview of control algorithms and applications for VSL and RM in mixed traffic flows. Therefore, we present a comprehensive survey of VSL and RM control algorithms including the most recent reinforcement learning-based approaches. Best practices for mixed traffic flow control are summarized and new viewpoints and future research directions are presented, including an overview of the currently open research questions.
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