An integrated analysis of human myeloid cells identifies gaps in in vitro models of in vivo biology

The Stemformatics myeloid atlas is an integrated transcriptome atlas of human macrophages and dendritic cells that systematically compares freshly isolated tissue-resident, cultured, and pluripotent stem cell-derived myeloid cells. Three classes of tissue-resident macrophage were identified: Kupffer cells and microglia; monocyte-associated; and tumor-associated macrophages. Culture had a major impact on all primary cell phenotypes. Pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages were characterized by atypical expression of collagen and a highly efferocytotic phenotype. Myeloid subsets, and phenotypes associated with derivation, were reproducible across experimental series including data projected from single-cell studies, demonstrating that the atlas provides a robust reference for myeloid phenotypes. Implementation in Stemformatics.org allows users to visualize patterns of sample grouping or gene expression for user-selected conditions and supports temporary upload of your own microarray or RNA sequencing samples, including single-cell data, to benchmark against the atlas.

Automated summary

The Stemformatics myeloid atlas provides an integrated transcriptome atlas of human macrophages and dendritic cells, comparing different sources of myeloid cells. The study found that culture significantly impacted primary cell phenotypes, and identified characteristic features in pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages. The reproducibility of myeloid subsets and phenotypes across experimental series, including single-cell data, demonstrates the robust reference that the atlas provides.