Conductive Biomass Films Containing Graphene Oxide and Cationic Cellulose Nanofibers for Electric-Heating Applications

A low-voltage biomass matrix and flexible electric-heating composite with graphene oxide (GO) and cationic cellulose nanofiber (CCNF) were fabricated by ultrasonic dispersion and suction filtration. The main results show that the tensile strength and strain of the films decreased with an increase in the GO content, but the thermal stability increased. The GO/CCNF film underwent rapid thermal decomposition at 250-350 degrees C, and the maximum degradation temperature was higher by 19 degrees C compared to that of the pure CCNF film. It was found that the electrical conductivity increased from 0.013 to 2.96 S/cm with an increase in the GO content from 20 to 60 wt%, resulting in an increase in the power density from 122 to 2456 W/m(2). The films could rapidly attain the temperature within 50 s, and the heat transferred by radiation and convection was 21.62 mW/degrees C, thereby exhibiting excellent electric heating response. Moreover, the film demonstrated a stable electric-heating cycle after a 12.5 h cycling test and meets the requirements of low-temperature electric heating products under the 36 V electric safety limit, which expands the potential applications of biomass-derived cellulose nanofibers.

Automated summary

A flexible low-voltage biomass matrix electric-heating composite was fabricated using ultrasonic dispersion and suction filtration, incorporating graphene oxide and cationic cellulose nanofiber. The introduction of graphene oxide increased thermal stability while decreasing tensile strength and strain of the films. Additionally, the electrical conductivity and power density of the films were significantly improved with increasing graphene oxide content, showcasing rapid temperature attainment and excellent electric heating response capabilities.