Metal-N4@Graphene as Multifunctional Anchoring Materials for Na-S Batteries: First-Principles Study

Developing highly efficient anchoring materials to suppress sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) shuttling is vital for the practical applications of sodium sulfur (Na-S) batteries. Herein, we systematically investigated pristine graphene and metal-N-4@graphene (metal = Fe, Co, and Mn) as host materials for sulfur cathode to adsorb NaPSs via first-principles theory calculations. The computing results reveal that Fe-N-4@graphene is a fairly promising anchoring material, in which the formed chemical bonds of Fe-S and N-Na ensure the stable adsorption of NaPSs. Furthermore, the doped transition metal iron could not only dramatically enhance the electronic conductivity and the adsorption strength of soluble NaPSs, but also significantly lower the decomposition energies of Na2S and Na2S2 on the surface of Fe-N-4@graphene, which could effectively promote the full discharge of Na-S batteries. Our research provides a deep insight into the mechanism of anchoring and electrocatalytic effect of Fe-N-4@graphene in sulfur cathode, which would be beneficial for the development of high-performance Na-S batteries.

Automated summary

The study identified Fe-N-4@graphene as a promising anchoring material for adsorbing NaPSs and improving the efficiency of Na-S batteries. The doping of transition metal iron significantly enhances electronic conductivity and adsorption strength, while reducing decomposition energies, thereby promoting battery performance. This research provides insights into the anchoring mechanism and electrocatalytic effects, which could benefit the development of high-performance Na-S batteries.