Journal
CATALYSTS
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal11050598
Keywords
glycerol; acetalization; solketal; heterogeneous catalysis; coordination polymers; metal-organic frameworks
Categories
Funding
- PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia and Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through LAQV-REQUIMTE [UIDB/50006/2020]
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials [UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020]
- national funds (OE), through FCT [197_97_ARH-2018]
- FCT [CEECIND/00553/2017]
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Biodiesel production generates surplus glycerol, which can be transformed into oxygenated fuel additives like solketal using coordination polymer catalysts. These additives not only enhance biodiesel performance but also contribute to better combustion efficiency and octane number.
Biodiesel is one of the most significant and valuable alternatives to fossil fuels. In the process of transesterification to produce biodiesel from various feedstocks, glycerol is one of the side products obtained, in a high glycerol: biodiesel weight ratio (1:10). Therefore, the growing world demand for biodiesel prompted a glycerol surplus. It is, thus, of interest to find new and added-value paths for the transformation of this abundant chemical. One of the most auspicious glycerol applications is the production of fuel additives, namely cyclic acetals and ketals, from aldehydes and ketones, respectively. In this work, coordination polymers based on nitrile (trimethylphosphonic acid) and Ln(3+)/Eu3+ are used as catalysts for the acetalization of the bio-renewable glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives. Solketal is the major product obtained from the reaction of glycerol with acetone. This product improves the cold flow properties, lowering the viscosity of biodiesel, improving combustion, and boosting the octane number. The stability of the materials is studied as well as their recovery and reuse.
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