Journal
CATALYSTS
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal11050569
Keywords
asymmetric synthesis; H-bonding; nonbonding interactions; density functional theory calculations; Michael addition; cycloadditions; anion-binding catalysis; cascade reactions; transition states; organocatalysis
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Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [UIDB/00100/2020]
- RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
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Chiral bifunctional dual H-bond donor catalysts have become essential in organocatalysis, promoting various reactions with high yields and excellent stereoselectivities. Understanding their mechanisms and the origin of stereoselectivity can guide the development of more efficient catalysts for new transformations.
Chiral bifunctional dual H-bond donor catalysts have become one of the pillars of organocatalysis. They include squaramide, thiosquaramide, thiourea, urea, and even selenourea-based catalysts combined with chiral amines, cinchona alkaloids, sulfides, phosphines and more. They can promote several types of reactions affording products in very high yields and excellent stereoselectivities in many cases: conjugate additions, cycloadditions, the aldol and Henry reactions, the Morita-Baylis-Hilman reaction, even cascade reactions, among others. The desire to understand mechanisms and the quest for the origins of stereoselectivity, in attempts to find guidelines for developing more efficient catalysts for new transformations, has promoted many mechanistic and theoretical studies. In this review, we survey the literature published in this area since 2015.
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