Developing a Measurement Scale of Opposition in Tourism Public-Private Partnerships Projects

Stakeholder opposition is reported as a central aspect of public-private partnership (PPP) failure; however, it has not gained much attention in either tourism or general PPP studies. Therefore, this study seeks to explore stakeholder opposition and develop a measurements scale of opposition in tourism PPP projects. An exploratory-sequential mixed methods approach is employed to holistically understand the subject. The results confirmed that lack of perceived value, relational strength, stakeholder management approach, and a conflict (and power) management mechanism, in addition to inadequate capabilities of stakeholders and poor experience outcomes, are antecedents of opposition to tourism PPP projects. Other notable results and their implications for theory and practice are included in the article.

Automated summary

This study investigates stakeholder opposition in tourism PPP projects and develops a measurement scale for opposition. The results show that lack of perceived value, relational strength, stakeholder management approach, and conflict (and power) management mechanism, in addition to inadequate capabilities of stakeholders and poor experience outcomes, are antecedents of opposition. Other notable results and their implications for theory and practice are discussed in the article.