Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.615075
Keywords
Parkinson’ s disease; intestinal dysbiosis; α -synuclein; inflammation; molecular mimicry
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [81501117]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018A0303130307]
- Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2019A1515011739]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [19ykpy27]
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Studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, potentially through mechanisms such as inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and microglial activation. Current research focuses on the impact of intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease, highlighting the importance of factors like inflammation and barrier failure in disease progression. Further investigation, especially clinical studies, are needed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of microbial therapy in Parkinson's disease.
Several studies have highlighted the roles played by the gut microbiome in central nervous system diseases. Clinical symptoms and neuropathology have suggested that Parkinson's disease may originate in the gut, which is home to approximately 100 trillion microbes. Alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota populations may promote the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Here, we reviewed existing studies that have explored the role of intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease, focusing on the roles of microbiota, their metabolites, and components in inflammation, barrier failure, microglial activation, and alpha-synuclein pathology. We conclude that there are intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. Intestinal dysbiosis is likely involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease through mechanisms that include barrier destruction, inflammation and oxidative stress, decreased dopamine production, and molecular mimicry. Additional studies remain necessary to explore and verify the mechanisms through which dysbiosis may cause or promote Parkinson's disease. Preclinical studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbial therapy may represent an effective and novel treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, more studies, especially clinical studies, are necessary to explore the curative effects of microbial therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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