Journal
TOXINS
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050296
Keywords
DON; corn; corn products; exposure; risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan [NRPU-8025]
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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This study investigated the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in corn and corn products from corn-producing districts in Punjab, Pakistan. A significant number of samples, about 44.2%, were found to be contaminated with DON. Additionally, some samples had DON levels higher than the proposed limits by the EU.
This study investigated the natural incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in corn and corn products from corn-producing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The analysis was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector and immunoaffinity cleanup columns. The detection limit (LOD) and limit of quantification were 25 and 50 mu g/kg, respectively. A total of 1220 samples of corn and corn products were analyzed to detect DON, and 539 (44.2%) samples were observed to be contaminated with DON (n >= LOD). Furthermore, 92 (7.5%) samples of corn and corn products had DON levels that were higher than the proposed limits of the EU. The data are significantly different from a normal distribution of DON in samples of corn and corn products from different locations (p < 0.05) for Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov values. However, a significant difference in DON levels was found between corn and corn-derived products (p <= 0.05). The lowest and highest exposures, and hazard quotient (HQ) values of 0.92 and 9.68 mu g/kg bw/day, were documented in corn flour samples.
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