Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs13091855
Keywords
archaeology; airborne LiDAR; airborne laser scanning; ALS; DEM; DTM; digital feature model; DFM; confidence map; QGIS plug-in
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Funding
- Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) [N6-0132, P6-0064]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 3992]
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This paper introduces the concept of an archaeology-specific DEM and highlights the importance of confidence mapping for archaeological interpretation. The study also discusses the unresolved issue of segmentation in DEM interpolation and aims to contribute to the methodological maturity of airborne LiDAR in archaeology.
The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well known. It is therefore surprising that little attention has been paid to the key element of processing: an archaeology-specific DEM. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to describe an archaeology-specific DEM in detail, provide a tool for its automatic precision assessment, and determine the appropriate grid resolution. We define an archaeology-specific DEM as a subtype of DEM, which is interpolated from ground points, buildings, and four morphological types of archaeological features. We introduce a confidence map (QGIS plug-in) that assigns a confidence level to each grid cell. This is primarily used to attach a confidence level to each archaeological feature, which is useful for detecting data bias in archaeological interpretation. Confidence mapping is also an effective tool for identifying the optimal grid resolution for specific datasets. Beyond archaeological applications, the confidence map provides clear criteria for segmentation, which is one of the unsolved problems of DEM interpolation. All of these are important steps towards the general methodological maturity of airborne LiDAR in archaeology, which is our ultimate goal.
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