Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 18, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073650
Keywords
benzophenone-3; species sensitivity distribution; chronic toxicity; risk assessment; freshwater
Funding
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT) [KK-2006-02]
- National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) grant by the Korean government (MSIP) [CAP-17-01-KIST]
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This study derived the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in freshwater using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. The derived PNEC was higher than existing values, recommending its application for aquatic ecological risk assessment of BP-3 to avoid overestimation of potential ecological risk in freshwater.
The necessity for the aquatic ecological risk assessment for benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is increasing due to its high toxic potential and high detection frequency in freshwater. The initial step in the ecological risk assessment is to determine predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). This study derived PNEC of BP-3 in freshwater using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach, whilst existing PNECs are derived using assessment factor (AF) approaches. A total of eight chronic toxicity values, obtained by toxicity testing and a literature survey, covering four taxonomic classes (fish, crustaceans, algae, and cyanobacteria) were used for PNEC derivation. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the toxicity data met the minimum requirements for PNEC derivation using an SSD approach. The PNEC derived in this study (73.3 mu g/L) was far higher than the environmental concentration detected in freshwater (up to 10.4 mu g/L) as well as existing PNECs (0.67 similar to 1.8 mu g/L), mainly due to the difference in the PNEC derivation methodology (i.e., AF vs. SSD approach). Since the SSD approach is regarded as more reliable than the AF approach, we recommend applying the PNEC value derived in this study for the aquatic ecological risk assessment of BP-3, as the use of the existing PNEC values seems to unnecessarily overestimate the potential ecological risk of BP-3 in freshwater.
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