Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094725
Keywords
growth; age at menarche; adiposity; phthalate metabolites; girls; antenatal exposure
Funding
- NHMRC
- Raine Medical Research Foundation
- Women and Infants Research Foundation (WIRF) - NHMRC [634457]
- UWA Ada Bartholomew grant
- Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation [09-067180]
- Velux Foundation
- NHMRC [403968]
- Telethon Kids Institute
- University of Western Australia
- Women and Infant Research Foundation
- EDMaRC
- Curtin University
- Edith Cowan University
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The study found that prenatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with growth patterns and age at menarche in girls, especially with metabolites of high molecular weight phthalates.
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence growth and adiposity patterns in girls through childhood into adolescence. Among 1342 Raine Study singleton females, 462 had maternal serum and at least one outcome available up to 20 years of age. Individuals' maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks gestation was pooled and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Cox regression and linear models were used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and age at menarche, change in height and weight z-scores between birth and two years, height from birth to 20 years, BMI from two to 20 years, deviation from mid-parental height at age 20 and DEXA scan measures at age 20. Weak negative associations were detected with some phthalate metabolites and change in height and weight z-score during infancy. Weak positive associations between some of the high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and height z-score were detected during childhood. While still within the normal range, age at menarche was slightly delayed in girls with higher prenatal exposure to the higher molecular weight phthalate metabolites. We derived some associations between prenatal phthalate exposure with early growth patterns and age at menarche.
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