Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 34, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108861
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Funding
- CICYT [SAF2016-76394-R]
- Comunidad de Madrid [S2017/BMD-3671]
- European Research Council ERC 2013Advanced Grant [334763]
- ITN-Marie Curie Fellowship
- Fundacion Ramon Areces
- European Research Council (ERC) [334763] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Studies have shown that T-T cell antigen presentation is closely related to the differentiation of regulatory T cells and pro-inflammatory Th17 cells, playing a crucial role in the development of autoimmune encephalitis and Th17 cell differentiation. By varying the ratio of professional APCs to T cells, the differentiation of T cells can be modulated in vitro and in vivo.
T cells form immunological synapses with professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resulting in T cell activation and the acquisition of peptide antigen-MHC (pMHC) complexes from the plasma membrane of the APC. They thus become APCs themselves. We investigate the functional outcome of T-T cell antigen presentation by CD4 T cells and find that the antigen-presenting T cells (Tpres) predominantly differentiate into regulatory T cells (Treg), whereas T cells that have been stimulated by Tpres cells predominantly differentiate into Th17 pro-inflammatory cells. Using mice deficient in pMHC uptake by T cells, we show that T-T antigen presentation is important for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis and Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. By varying the professional APC:T cell ratio, we can modulate Treg versus Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that T-T antigen presentation underlies proinflammatory responses in conditions of antigen scarcity.
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