Association of adverse childhood experiences with diabetes in adulthood: results of a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Singapore

Objectives Several studies have linked diabetes mellitus to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). While a number of studies have examined the association between ACEs and diabetes in Western populations, few have done it in Asian populations. The current study aimed to examine (1) the association between ACEs and diabetes, including the association after age stratification, and (2) the association of comorbid depression, resource use and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among those with diabetes and ACEs in Singapore. Settings Participants were surveyed in their homes or any other preferred venue of their choice. Participants 6126 individuals aged 18 years and above were randomly selected among Singapore residents. Design Cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study. Results Exposure to any ACE was not associated with increased odds of diabetes; however, those who had experienced parental separation, death or divorce of a parent had higher odds of diabetes. In addition, we observed significant interaction between age and ACEs in relation to odds of diabetes. ACEs were significantly associated with higher odds of diabetes mainly in the younger age group. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was significantly higher among those with diabetes and ACEs than those with diabetes alone (3.7% and 0.3% respectively). Conclusions Efforts to promote regular exercise and healthy lifestyles both in the population and among those with diabetes must continue for the prevention and management of diabetes. The findings emphasise the need to create more awareness of both the prevalence and impact of ACEs among those treating chronic diseases.

Automated summary

The study found a link between adverse childhood experiences and diabetes, especially in the younger age group where individuals with experiences such as parental separation, death or divorce had higher odds of diabetes. Additionally, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was significantly higher among those with diabetes and adverse childhood experiences compared to those with diabetes alone.