The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review

Polysaccharides such as beta-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering beta-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. beta-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these beta-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of beta-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of beta-2,6 fructans including in gut health.

Automated summary

This paper provides an overview of the sources and structures of beta-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes, discussing their role in modulating immune function and the suggested mechanisms. It also examines the limitations and perspectives of current studies, along with the potential applications of beta-2,6 fructans in gut health.