Metal-Halide Perovskite Crystallization Kinetics: A Review of Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are regarded as ideal photovoltaic materials because of their variable crystal material composition and superb optoelectronic performance. However, this compositional variability results in a complicated crystallization process during MHP film fabrication, leading to reduced MHP film crystallinity and decreased performance of devices containing such films. The crystallization kinetics of MHPs have therefore been extensively explored in efforts to determine the effect of crystallization properties on MHP film properties and figure out the corresponding modulating strategies. Here, the first comprehensive review of reported studies on the crystallization properties of 3D MHPs is presented. The experimental and theoretical research on 3D MHP crystallization kinetics is systematically surveyed, and the methods that are used for modulating MHP crystallization are summarized, namely, solution engineering, compositional engineering, interfacial engineering, and additive passivation. Meanwhile, the prospects and current challenges in revealing perovskite crystallization kinetics are suggested.

Automated summary

Metal-halide perovskites are considered ideal photovoltaic materials due to their variable crystal material composition and superb optoelectronic performance, but the complexity of their crystallization process can lead to reduced film crystallinity and decreased device performance. Extensive research has been conducted on the crystallization kinetics of 3D MHPs, and methods for modulating MHP crystallization have been summarized, including solution engineering, compositional engineering, interfacial engineering, and additive passivation. The review also provides insights into the prospects and challenges in revealing perovskite crystallization kinetics.