Modular synthesis of chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines via Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence that internally reuses waste

1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable and reactive synthons, and particularly useful precursors to synthesize piperidines and pyridines that are among the most common structural components of pharmaceuticals. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse 1,2-dihydropyridines is limited to enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to activated pyridines. Here, we report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence as a flexible strategy to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N-Boc aldimines, aldehydes, and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst. The key step in this protocol, cycloisomerization of chiral N-Boc delta-amino alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones recycles the waste to improve the yield. Specifically, recycling by-product water from imine formation to gradually release the true catalyst HCl via hydrolysis of SiCl4, whilst maintaining a low concentration of HCl to suppress side reactions, and reusing waste Ph3PO from the Wittig step to modulate the acidity of HCl. This approach allows facile access to enantioenriched 2-substituted, 2,3- or 2,6-cis-disubstituted, and 2,3,6-cis-trisubstituted piperidines. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable precursors for the synthesis of biologically relevant piperidines and pyridines, but the methods for their synthesis are underdeveloped. Here, the authors report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N-Boc aldimines, aldehydes and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst.

Automated summary

The authors presented a method for the synthesis of chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines using a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence with N-Boc aldimines, aldehydes, and phosphoranes, employing a chiral amine catalyst.